Post Time: 2025-02-18
Error: No content files found.This is a mechanism of disease map for type 1 diabetes, covering the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations. ADDITIONAL TAGS: Autoimmunity Signs / symptoms Labs / tests / imaging results Type 1 diabetes mellitus Etiologies Core concepts Genetics / hereditary Microbial pathogenesis Osmolarity regulation Intercellular communication Glucose homeostasis Energy balance Manifestations Pathophysiology Genetic predisposition: HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 Viral infection Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells: anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase Ab (anti-GAD) and/or anti-islet cell cytoplasmic Ab (anti-ICA) Other autoimmune conditions: Hashimoto thyroiditis; type A gastritis; Celiac disease; primary adrenal insufficiency ↓ insulin secretion → compensatory ↑ glucagon secretion Adipose catabolism (lipolysis → release of glycerol + fatty acids) Muscle catabolism (protein breakdown + release of amino acids) ↑ hepatic fatty acid this contact form oxidation ↑ ketone body production Ketosis: ↑ urine and serum ketones Amino acids and glycerol carbons are used for gluconeogenesis Polyphagia Weight loss ↑ hepatic relevant resource site glucose output, ↓ peripheral tissue glucose uptake Hyperglycemia ↑ glucose filtering at see here nephron Kidney unable to reabsorb filtered glucose Glycosuria Osmotic diuresis Polyuria Dehydration, volume depletion ↓ circulating volume → ↓ renal blood flow → ↓ glucose to nephron Polydipsia Hyperosmolarity in blood and tissues Stimulation of osmoreceptors in hypothalamus